[Salon] Red Sea duelling



Red Sea duelling

Summary: with Yemen’s Huthis refusing to back down in the Red Sea, the US and the UK have been pushed into responding with multiple air strikes thus risking a further escalation that could see the region plunged into a major new war.

With the US and the UK launching air strikes on the Huthis on 12 January in retaliation for their attacks on shipping in the Red Sea, the ongoing war in Gaza has entered a new and dangerous phase. Just how dangerous was underlined by the immediate call from the Saudi foreign ministry for restraint and “avoiding escalation” while expressing “great concern.”

The Saudis are engaged in peace talks with the Huthis aimed at finally ending the nearly nine years of war that has trapped them in a quagmire and devastated Yemen. Riyadh is very keen that nothing it says or does damages the talks. The Saudis also have a vital interest in the Red Sea with whom they share a long coastline with Yemen. Thus the foreign ministry statement added: "the kingdom emphasizes the importance of maintaining the security and stability of the Red Sea region, as the freedom of navigation in it is an international demand.”

Dipping into the Public Investment Fund (PIF), Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has already invested hundreds of billions of dollars into developing the Red Sea as a luxury destination for well-heeled tourists. He does not want to see mega-projects like his Red Sea Project, a centre piece of the crown prince’s Vision 2030, derailed by threats of war.

Saudi concerns about an escalation are not misplaced. The resilient Huthis are not the sort of enemy to back down or to be cowed by military action against them. It is a reality of which the Saudis are well aware.  They conducted relentless aerial bombardments on the Huthis to no real advantage from the beginning of the war in March 2015 to March of 2022, when a ceasefire, which has largely held, went into effect.

The Huthis who have already gained much from the peace talks (see our newsletter of 26 October) put out a statement just ahead of the US and UK strikes saying that their actions in the Red Sea have no bearing on their talks with Riyadh. As it turned out it was a timely reminder to the Saudis that if they want to get out of Yemen they best steer clear of any hint of support for their traditional Western allies in the air strike campaign. Hence the Saudi call for restraint.

In that context it is worth interrogating two assumptions that have helped to shape the US response to the Red Sea threat, one that the UK has enthusiastically endorsed. The first is that the Huthis dance to a tune that Teheran plays and the second that what is happening in the Red Sea is divorced from the ongoing Gaza war.


A still from a Huthi military training video showing preparations for the upcoming conflict with the United States and its allies [photo credit: Ansar Allah]

Regarding the first assumption, the Huthis are fiercely independent as several knowledgeable commentators, among them AD’s Helen Lackner have pointed out. One example: it was only when the Huthis decided to push south to Aden in the early spring of 2015 that the Saudis and the Emiratis reacted. The capital Sana’a had fallen months earlier without a response. The decision to try to seize Aden was not supported by Iran. Indeed quite the opposite. Iran had urged the Huthis not to attempt it.

It is the case that the Iranians have been supplying weaponry to the Huthis but in the beginning of the Yemen war the extent to which that was happening was exaggerated by the Saudis and others. As the war dragged on and the stubborn resistance of the Huthis began to wear down the coalition, Teheran stepped up the quality and quantity of the weapons it supplied and today the Huthis are well armed with ballistic missile and lethal drone capabilities. Well armed, seemingly uncowed and ready to fight. As one of their spokesmen put it “we are more determined to target ships linked to Israel and we will not back down.”

That being so, pointing the finger of blame at Teheran as the prime instigator risks further escalation, particularly should strikes be carried out on Iranian soil. We don’t know but it may well be the case that as in 2015 Iran is urging restraint on the Huthis behind the scenes. The Iranians, perhaps more than anyone else, want to avoid a war with the US.

The virulently anti-Semitic Huthi leadership, on the other hand, incessantly call for ‘Death to America’ and ‘Death to Israel’  (the full slogan is "God is greatest. Death to America, Death to Israel, A Curse Upon the Jews, Victory to Islam.")  Indeed if recent history tells us anything it is that the Huthis relish a fight and are enjoying the kudos and support they are receiving from many in MENA and in the Global South. They are seen as taking a strategic and morally defensible stand, stronger than anyone else in the region (including Iran), on behalf of the besieged Palestinians in the killing fields of Gaza.

Theirs is a very clear message to Western powers:  use your clout and influence to force the Israelis into a ceasefire, otherwise we will not stop our attacks on Red Sea shipping.

Washington and London have chosen to take the position that the Red Sea strikes are separate and distinct from what is happening in Gaza. That too - as divorced from reality as the claims by the IDF that it does not deliberately target civilians - is dangerous. Saying that the strikes are an act of self-defence and have nothing to do with Gaza while tossing out tough talk (Grant Shapps before the strike “watch this space”) is not a pathway to de-escalation especially given the dangerous brand of ideological fanaticism espoused by the Huthis.

Given that the UK and the US have effectively been boxed into a corner and in any event needed to respond with a show of force it makes much more strategic sense to accept that the attacks are linked to Gaza, pause the strikes and force the Israelis to call a halt to their war. Admittedly a tall order given the players involved but claiming the Huthi assaults in the Red Sea somehow have nothing to do with Israel's war while fingering Iran as the central villain is a strategic mistake and one that could have hugely disastrous consequences.


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